Means for sinking concrete piles



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May 24 1927.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 May, '241927' M. BLUMENTHAL MEANS. FOR SINKING CONCRETEPILES Original Filed Jan. 27. 1920 Patentes May 24, 1927.

,UNIL- TED STATES A MAURICE BLUMIENTHAL, 0F BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

MEANS FOR SINKING CONCRETE PILES.

Substitute for application Serial No. 354,386, led Januaryv 27, 1920.This application led Hay 1, 1925.

Serial No. 27,329.

y crete material, and to provide, in combination with such agshell,meansfor facilitating the subsequent easyremoval of thel shell and forpreventing likelihood of injury to the column of concrete materialduring the removal of the shell.

A more detailedobject Visto provide a liner for the shell of a characterto contain the concrete material and to hold said material out ofcontact with the shell so as thus to relieve the shell of the stronglfrictional engagement which ordinarily occurs between pile shells andthe concrete material therein.

A further object is to provide a liner for the purpose indicated whichis of` a character to provide for a free circulation of air between theinterior of the shell and the` column of concrete.

A further object is to provide a liner which is waterproof to a suitabledegree tov 2li-hold substantially all of the concrete materialincluding' the .water.therein, out of contact with the shell and toprevent likelihood of the thinner, or watery, portions of the concretematerial from flowing out from I the main bod into the space left by thewithdrawal o the shell. f y A further object isv to provide 'a linerwhich is madeI of papery material, and to provide means whereby thepaper is capa- 316 able of performing its appointed, functions.

A further object is -to providea linerL of such character that it willsuitably accommodate itself to the contour of any irregularities presentwithin the shell. 40

A further object is to provide a liner which may be placed within theshell in sections and which when thus placed will provide forcontinuity, of the *functions of the l liner from one section toanother. -f p Other objects and aims of the invention, more or -lessspecific than those referred to above, will be in part obvious and inpart pointed out in the course of the following description of theelements, combinations, arrangements of -parts and lapplications ofprinciples, constituting the invention; and 'the scope of protectioncontemplated /will be indicated in the 4appended claims. In theaccompanying drawings which are to be taken as part of thisspecification, and in which I have shown merely a preferred form ofembodiment of the invention Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional viewthru a shell havinga liner therein in accordance with this invention.

Figure 2 is a similar sectional view showing the concrete materialwithin the'shell -f Fig. 1 and the shell being nin the course ofremoval. y

Figure 3 is a transverse sectional view taken substantially upon theplane of line 'III of Fig. 1.

Figure 4 is an enlarged fragmentary l transverse sectional view of theliner appearing in Figs. 1, 2 and' 3,

Figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional .view of a modified form of shellhaving a liner positioned therein in accordance with this invention. VFigure 6 is a transverse sectional v iew taken substantially upon theplane of line lVI of Fig. 5.

Figure 7 is a longitudinal sectional view thru a shell consistingof aplurality of superposed sections connected together and illustrating inconnection therewith a sectional liner and means for providingI acirculation of air.

Figure 8 is an enlarged transverse sectional view taken' substantiallyupon the plane of line VIII o-f Fig. 7, and

Figure 9 is an enlarged fragmentary longitudinal section forillustrating the fmanner in which adjacent liner sections lare convnected for providing continuous air passages from one lsection to thenext.

Referring to the drawings for rdescribing in detail lthe structure whichis-illustrated therein, the reference character L .indicates the pileshell.

propriate cross 4section butv usually is circu- This shell may be of anyap` lar as seen in Figs. 3, 6 and 8. At its lower y.

end it is provided with a driving point G arranged to close the lowerend and to serve `1 as means to facilitate entrance of the shell intothe earth during the driving operation. Within the shell is placed theliner H. It

is a particular provision of this invention that this liner may be madeof paper for va-y riousreasons as are partly pointed out in copendingapplication of Maurice Blumenthal Serial No. 306,134, filed June 23,1919and as more fully pointed outhereinafter. seen in Figs. l to 4, and inFig. 9, this liner may be corrugated longitudinally of the shell. Itisfitted quite'closely -to the interior surface of the shell, its naturepermitting and causing it to accommodatek itself to the contour of theshell. The corrugations provide a series of passages continuouslythruout ther lengthmf the liner from the top of the shell to the bottomand between the outer surface of the liner and the inner surface of theshell.

These passages-afford a free circulation of air at all times downwardlywithin the shell regardless of whether the liner be filled with concretematerial or not, and this circulation of air is Very important inenabling easier removal of the shell after the concrete material hasbeen poured in that it prevents the formation of a vacuum beneath thelifting shell. The pressure of the concrete ma- 20 terial against theliner may partly flatten out the corrugations, but it is intended thatthe liner shall be `of'suchy strength as to prevent flattening out ofthe corrugations to such extent as would entirely cut olf the passagesbehind it.

The interior surface of thepaper liner is l preferably coatedwith asuitable waterproofing compound, as is seen at l in Fig. 4.

In this way the main body .of the paper is kept sufficiently free frommoisture and is,

therefore, maintained lsuiiiciently stiff so that it is able to resist avery considerable pressure from the concrete material tending tolattenit against the walls of the shell.- @if course -the whole body of papermay be suitably treated to render it moisture-proof 'if desired for thesame purpose.

Vhere the 'shell is lifted while the concrete material is still soft,the corrugations Vof the liner enable the liner readily to expand 'underthe pressure of the body of concrete material to fill the space beneaththe liftin shell-and thus to overcome the likelihood of the formation ofa void within the earth surrounding the column of concrete.

. At the same time the liner is sutliciently stift' to prevent its beingexpanded except underl appreciable pressureby the concrete material.Thus there is little likelihood of any portion of the liner moving awayfrom the body of concrete material upon withdrawal of the shell, nor isthere likelihoodiof the.

strain is felt by any portion of the concrete y material but is absorbedentirely by the material` of the liner so that there is no tendencywhatever for the upward movement of the shell to cause any portion-ofthe concrete material to be lifted away from other portions. f 1

The paper. material from which the liner is formed may preferably besuch as to possess a minimum of frictional holding power upon the shell,that is, the paper may be soft and smooth, it may be waxed or otherwise.treated with ,appropriate lubricating means, or-it may simply beordinary paper which contains no grit or other elements for causinggreat frictional grip upon the sur'- face of the shell. Also, it will benoted that the corrugated form of the liner presents only spaced pointsof contact withlthe shell, (as at 2, in Fig. 4). The frictional'engagement between the shell and the liner is thus very greatlyreduced.

In instances where the column of concrete is allowed to set to asufiicient degree t@ hold its column form before the shell is removed,the liner will serve to hold the concrete material entirely out ofengagement with the shell and will present tothe shell a surface ofminimum friction which will enable the easy removal of the shell.

Preferably the paper of the liner is either without a longitudinal seam,as seen in Fig. 8 or is made with' an -interfolded longitudinal seam, asat 3 in Fig. 3, so as to exclude the likelihood of any liquid passingfrom the body of concrete exteriorly of the liner into the space betweenthe liner 'and the shell. The small quantity of liquid which might `septhru beneath the lower edgeof the liner is usually inconsequential butwhere`even this may be detrimental the lower end of the liner may beclosed, as seenl at 4 in Fig. 5? In some instances it may be suliicientto make the paper of the liner simply to overlap at its longitudinaledges, as seen `at 5 in Fig. 6.

Also, it will be understood thatthis ini vention is not limited in allrespects to the use of a liner which is corrugated but, as seen at 6 inFigs. 5 to 8, the linermay be made not corrugated. l/Vhere the/liner isnot corrugated and where, therefore, there is no provision in the linerfor the formation of air passages, Vthen the shell itself might beprovided upon its inner surface with longitudinally extending grooves,'as seen in Figs. 5 and 6. Any number of such grooves may be providedand the liner in such case will serve to cover and` protect the groovesagainstfbeing filled or obstructed by the concrete material. Of coursesuch grooves could'be used in combination with the corrugated liner, ifdesired, but

usually either one is sufficient without the other. l

Where a non-corrugated liner is employed the material from which it ismade may the same in its texture and in its waterproofing features ashas already been described with reference lto the corrugated liner, andits outer surface portion, for engaging the shell, may be madenop-frictional also as above s'et forth.

In some instances it may be desirable to employa separate air tube, as8, see Figs. 7 and 8, for supplying air into the space between the shelland the liner` and beneath the lifting shell. Such a tube or pipe may bebodily inserted into the shell between the shell and the liner, andbeneath the lifting shell, andthe liner be made to it about it in anappropriate manner, as seen at 9 in 7 and 8. This pipe should be open atbothits upper and lower end and should preferably be provided with aseries of intermediate openings 10, so that air may feed therefrom atlsubstantially any .po-int in the length of the pipe.

Such a pipe may be withdrawn after the shell is withdrawn, and if theconcret/e ma terial be still lunset the weight of the concrete materialwill serve to press the liner outwardly for illing the space left by theretreating pipea i 1n all cases the liner is, of course, allowed toremain in the earth as a part of the completedpile. lts life will dependupon .the nature of its construction but ordinarily will be short. 1twill gradually decay and disappear leaving the concrete column by thattime fully .set and hardened in its appointed vplace within the earth.lt may be mentioned in this connection that the mate.- rial from whichthe liner formed may, if desired, be suchas will present a more or lesspermanent waterprooting coating for the pile, as set forth in copendingapplication of Maurice Blumenthal Serial No. 336,263, filed Nov. 7,1919. The interior coating, as 1 in Fig'. 1, may be of such character asto aEord a permanent waterproofing quality for the pile while the mainor outer portion of the liner may be depended upon to hold thiswaterproofing element in- .proper position during the formation andsetting of the pile. As above suggested, it is a Jieatureof thislnvention also to provide a liner which may be' inserted with-inV theShell in sections.

Such an" arrangement l is -illustrated in Figs. 7 and 9 wherein it isseen that. theA shell is made in two sections, as 11 and 12,- detachablyconnected together -by screw threads 'or the like, as 13. The liner forthe section 12 is formed separately from the diner for the section -11.After the section 11 is ldriven into the earth, the section12 isthreaded thereinto, and both fsections driven together further into theearth. The

liner for the section 12 has its lower end portion, as 14, fitted intothe upper open end of the liner ot' the section 11. Any number ofsections, with liners, may be attached togetherin this way and theconcrete mateflower sections, as indicatedn in Fig. 7.

Vhere the liners are of corrugated material the corrugations thereot) inadjacent sections are mated where theyoverlap, as at 15, in Fig. 9,.across the joint from one section tothe next.y

Of course the use of such sectional liners is not to be understood asbeing limited to the employment of sectional shells, as obviously thesectional liners may be employed, if desired, irrespective of whetherthe shell be in separable sections or not.

It Should be mentioned also that this invention is not to be understoodto be limited to the use ofa liner which is formed o paper as obviously.liners of other materials may, i desired, be employed for accomplishingcertain ot the results above described. Also, it is to .be understoodthat the liner need not be corrugated since the same results may beobtained by making the material of the liner i`n` various forms forproducing a passage, or passages longitudinally between the liner andthe shell. The material of the liner, especially where paper vis used,might, for instance, consist of what is known as crepe paper.4 0r, itmight be ordina-ry smooth paper suitable rumpled. Also it will beunderstood that the portions ofthe liner which are shaped to-provide anopening or passage longitudinally of the shell may be reinforced andthat in fact the pipe illustrated in the drawings Figs. 7 and 8 is anillustration of one way in which the remforcing element may be applied.Other and more or less practical ways may sug- "gest themselves to thoseskilled in this art.

As many changes could be made in. this constructionv without departingfrom the scope of the following claims, it is intended that all mattercontained in the above de scription or shown in the accompanyingdrawings, shall-be interpreted as illustrative contain a quantity o'fconcrete material, of

a separately formed aper liner for said shell having a long1tudinallyextending a direction longitudinallyof the shell whereby to provide aplurality of air passages between said liner and said shell. v

3. The combination with a pile shell adapted to be driven into the earthand to contain a quantity of concrete material, of an impervious linerfor said shell having means providing only spaced points of contactbetween itself and the shell circumferentially of the shell.

4. The combination with a pile shell adapted to be driven into the earthand to contain a quantity of concrete material, of a liner for saidshell having a plurality of ribs thereon extending longitudinallythroughout the length thereof and arranged to engage the surface of theshell only at Vthe circumference of said shell, and` said shelland linerhaving parts cooperative to provide an air passage longitudinally of theshell.

6. The combination with a pile vshell adapted to be driven into theearth and to contain a quantity of concrete material, of

a# separately formed paper liner for said shell comprising a pluralityof sections, and said sections having parts cooperative to provide anair passage longitudinally throughout the length of the shell.

7. The combination with a pile shell adapted to be driven into theearthand to contain` a quantity of concrete material, of a liner forsaid shell formed of corrugated paper, thecorrugations of the paper eX-tending longitudinally of the liner.

ln testimony whereof l alix my signature.

MAURICE BLUMEN THAL.

